Digital Redlining EDA - Consolidated

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Data Loading and Preparation

1. Redlining Map (HOLC Grades + Schools + Broadband Speeds)

About the Broadband Speeds Layer: This interactive map now includes a broadband speeds layer for the Cleveland Metropolitan Area. The data shows broadband access levels across different neighborhoods, with speeds categorized as:

• 0-9 Mbps: Very slow broadband (deep red)
• 10-24 Mbps: Slow broadband (orange)
• 25-49 Mbps: Medium speed broadband (yellow)
• 50-100 Mbps: Fast broadband (light green)
• 100+ Mbps: Very fast broadband (dark green)

You can toggle between viewing the historical redlining districts, the broadband speeds, or both layers together using the layer control in the top right corner. This allows for visual comparison between historical redlining practices and current broadband infrastructure distribution.

2. Building Details Report - 2023-2024

The map below allows you to select different performance indicators to visualize across schools in Cleveland. Each indicator is color-coded to show variation in performance, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select Performance Indicator: Attendance Rate Mobility Rate Chronic Absenteeism Rate

About the Enhanced Performance Map: This interactive map now uses real performance data from the Building Details Report 23-24 for the “All Students” subgroup. The map displays Cleveland schools colored by their performance on three key indicators:

• Attendance Rate: Percentage of students with regular attendance (higher is better)
• Mobility Rate: Percentage of students who moved during the year (lower is better)
• Chronic Absenteeism Rate: Percentage of students missing 10% or more school days (lower is better)

Schools are displayed on top of the historical redlining districts from the 1930s HOLC. The system automatically handles “NC” (not counted) values by treating them as missing data. Use the dropdown above the map to switch between indicators - the school dots will change colors accordingly, and a dynamic legend shows the color scale for each indicator.

3. Building Student Opportunity Report - 2023-2024

The maps below visualize data from the Building Student Opportunity Report for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows opportunities and resources available to students, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select Student Opportunity Indicator: All-Day Kindergarten Enrollment Physical Education/Wellness Course Enrollment World Language Course Enrollment Career Technical Education Enrollment (Grades 7-12) Cocurricular Activities Participation Advanced Courses Participation (AP, IB, Honors, CCP) Gifted Services Enrichment/Support Programs Outside School Day School Breakfast Program Participation School Bus Transportation Portable Technology Devices Ratio

About the Student Opportunity Maps: These interactive maps use data from the Building Student Opportunity Report 2023-24 for the “All Students” subgroup. The maps display Cleveland schools colored by student access to various educational opportunities and resources:

• All-Day Kindergarten Enrollment: Percentage of kindergarten students enrolled in all-day programs
• Physical Education/Wellness: Percentage of students enrolled in PE or wellness courses
• World Language: Percentage of students enrolled in world language courses
• Career Technical Education: Percentage of students in grades 7-12 enrolled in CTE courses
• Cocurricular Activities: Percentage of students participating in one or more cocurricular activities
• Advanced Courses: Percentage of students participating in AP, IB, Honors, or CCP courses
• Gifted Services: Percentage of students identified and receiving gifted services
• Enrichment/Support Programs: Percentage of students in programs outside normal school hours
• School Breakfast Program: Percentage of eligible students participating in breakfast programs
• School Bus Transportation: Number of students transported by school bus each day
• Technology Devices: Ratio of portable technology devices that students may take home

Schools are displayed on top of the historical redlining districts from the 1930s HOLC grades. The system automatically handles “NC” (not counted) values by treating them as missing data. Use the dropdown above the map to switch between indicators.

4. College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness Report 2023-2024 | Overview

This section visualizes data from the College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness (CCWMR) Overview report for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows school performance on college and career readiness metrics, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select College and Career Readiness Indicator: Completed Pathway & Prepared for Success Remediation Free on ACT or SAT Honors Diploma AP/IB Test Success Career Field Credential Points Dual Enrollment Credits Military Enlistment Apprenticeship Program Acceptance Pre-Apprenticeship Completion Apprenticeship Completion Technical Assessment Proficiency Ohio Means Jobs Readiness Seal

About the College and Career Readiness Overview Maps: These interactive maps use data from the CCWMR Overview report 2023-24 for Cleveland schools. The maps display schools colored by various college and career readiness indicators:

• Completed Pathway & Prepared for Success: Percentage of students in the 4-year graduation cohort who completed a pathway and are prepared for college or career success
• Remediation Free on ACT or SAT: Percentage of students scoring high enough to be considered remediation-free
• Honors Diploma: Percentage of students earning an Honors Diploma
• AP/IB Test Success: Percentage of students earning 3+ on AP or 4+ on IB tests
• Career Field Credential Points: Percentage of students earning at least 12 credential points in a single career field or a state-recognized license
• Dual Enrollment Credits: Percentage of students earning 12 or more dual enrollment credits
• Military Enlistment: Percentage of students enlisted in military service
• Apprenticeship Indicators: Multiple metrics on apprenticeship acceptance and completion
• Technical Assessment Proficiency: Percentage of students achieving proficiency on 3 or more technical assessments
• Ohio Means Jobs Readiness Seal: Percentage of students earning the OMJ Readiness Seal and 250+ hours of work-based learning

Schools are displayed on top of the historical redlining districts from the 1930s HOLC grades. Schools with white circles indicate “Not Counted (NC)” values in the dataset.

5. College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness Report 2023-2024 | Additional Details

This section visualizes data from the College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness (CCWMR) report for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows student participation and achievement in college readiness metrics, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select College and Career Readiness Indicator: ACT Participation ACT Remediation Free SAT Participation SAT Remediation Free AP Participation IB Participation AP Success (Score 3+) IB Success (Score 4+)

About the College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness Maps: These interactive maps use data from the CCWMR report 2023-24 for Cleveland schools. The maps display schools colored by student participation and achievement in college readiness metrics:

• ACT Participation: Percentage of students who took the ACT test
• ACT Remediation Free: Percentage of students who scored high enough to be considered remediation-free
• SAT Participation: Percentage of students who took the SAT test
• SAT Remediation Free: Percentage of students who scored high enough to be considered remediation-free
• AP Participation: Percentage of students taking Advanced Placement courses
• IB Participation: Percentage of students taking International Baccalaureate courses
• AP Success (Score 3+): Percentage of AP test-takers who scored 3 or higher
• IB Success (Score 4+): Percentage of IB test-takers who scored 4 or higher

Schools are displayed on top of the historical redlining districts from the 1930s HOLC grades. Schools with white circles indicate “Not Counted (NC)” values in the dataset. For the ACT Participation map, Northeast Ohio College Preparatory School (72.7% participation) is excluded as it is a College Prep oriented school with disproportionately higher participation than other schools.

6. College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness Report 2023-2024 | Follow-Up Collection

This section visualizes data from the College, Career, Workforce, and Military Readiness (CCWMR) Follow-Up Collection report for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows post-graduation outcomes for students, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select Post-Graduation Outcome Indicator: Post-Secondary Education Enrollment 2-Year Institution Enrollment 4-Year Institution Enrollment Ohio Technical School Enrollment Other Post-Secondary Institution Enrollment Apprenticeship or Job Training Gainful Employment Military Enlistment

About the Post-Graduation Outcomes Maps: These interactive maps use data from the CCWMR Follow-Up Collection report 2023-24 for Cleveland schools. The maps display schools colored by post-graduation outcomes for students:

• Post-Secondary Education: Percentage of graduates enrolled in any post-secondary education
• 2-Year Institution: Percentage of graduates enrolled in 2-year colleges
• 4-Year Institution: Percentage of graduates enrolled in 4-year colleges/universities
• Ohio Technical School: Percentage of graduates enrolled in Ohio technical schools
• Other Post-Secondary: Percentage of graduates in other post-secondary institutions
• Apprenticeship/Training: Percentage of graduates in apprenticeships or job training
• Gainful Employment: Percentage of graduates who are gainfully employed
• Military Enlistment: Percentage of graduates who enlisted in military service

Schools are displayed on top of the historical redlining districts from the 1930s HOLC grades. Schools with white circles indicate “Not Counted (NC)” values in the dataset. The data represents outcomes for 2023 graduates as reported in the 2023-24 school year collection.

7. Gap Closing Report - 2023-2024

This section visualizes data from the Gap Closing Report for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows performance on academic achievement, growth, and gap closing metrics, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select Gap Closing Indicator: ELA Participation Rate ELA Performance Index ELA Value-Added Index Math Participation Rate Math Performance Index Math Value-Added Index Four-Year Graduation Rate EL Met Percent Gifted Performance Index Gifted Input Percentage Gifted Value-Added Index Total Participation Rate Gap Closing Percent

About the Gap Closing Report Maps: These interactive maps use data from the Gap Closing Report 2023-24 for Cleveland schools. The maps display schools colored by various achievement and growth metrics:

• ELA and Math Participation Rates: Percentage of students who participated in state assessments
• ELA and Math Performance Indices: Overall performance scores on state assessments
• ELA and Math Value-Added Indices: Measures of student growth (positive values indicate growth above expectations)
• Four-Year Graduation Rate: Percentage of students who graduate within four years
• EL Met Percent: Percentage of English Learners meeting progress targets
• Gifted Metrics: Performance and value-added indices for gifted students
• Gap Closing Percent: Overall percentage indicating success in closing achievement gaps

Schools are displayed on top of the historical redlining districts from the 1930s HOLC grades. Schools with white circles indicate “Not Counted (NC)” values in the dataset. Value-added indices use a special blue-white-red color scale, with positive values (blue) indicating growth above expectations.

8. Gap Closing Report - 2023-2024 | English Language Arts Achievement

This section visualizes data from the Gap Closing Report’s ELA Performance Index details for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows the distribution of English Language Arts achievement levels, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select ELA Achievement Indicator: Number of Students Tested (ELA) Percent Untested (ELA) Percent Limited (ELA) Percent Basic (ELA) Percent Proficient (ELA) Percent Accomplished (ELA) Percent Advanced (ELA) Percent Advanced Plus (ELA) Performance Index (ELA)

About the ELA Achievement Maps: These interactive maps use data from the Gap Closing Report’s ELA Performance Index Details for 2023-24. The maps show detailed information about English Language Arts achievement levels for Cleveland schools:

• Number of Students Tested: Total count of students taking ELA assessments
• Percent Untested: Percentage of students who did not take the ELA assessment
• Limited: Students with significant gaps in knowledge and skills
• Basic: Students approaching proficiency
• Proficient: Students meeting grade-level expectations
• Accomplished: Students exceeding grade-level expectations
• Advanced: Students with superior performance
• Advanced Plus: Students with exceptional performance
• Performance Index: Overall performance score calculated from the distribution of achievement levels

For indicators where lower values are better (Untested, Limited, Basic), a red-yellow color scheme is used. For indicators where higher values are better (Proficient, Accomplished, Advanced, Advanced Plus, Performance Index), a green color scheme is used. Schools with white circles indicate “Not Counted (NC)” values in the dataset.

9. Gap Closing Report - 2023-2024 | Mathematics Performance Index

This section visualizes data from the Gap Closing Report’s Mathematics Performance Index details for Cleveland schools. Each indicator shows the distribution of Mathematics achievement levels, with HOLC redlining districts displayed as background polygons.

Select Mathematics Achievement Indicator: Number of Students Tested (Math) Percent Untested (Math) Percent Limited (Math) Percent Basic (Math) Percent Proficient (Math) Percent Accomplished (Math) Percent Advanced (Math) Percent Advanced Plus (Math) Performance Index (Math)

About the Mathematics Achievement Maps: These interactive maps use data from the Gap Closing Report’s Mathematics Performance Index Details for 2023-24. The maps show detailed information about Mathematics achievement levels for Cleveland schools:

• Number of Students Tested: Total count of students taking Mathematics assessments
• Percent Untested: Percentage of students who did not take the Mathematics assessment
• Limited: Students with significant gaps in knowledge and skills
• Basic: Students approaching proficiency
• Proficient: Students meeting grade-level expectations
• Accomplished: Students exceeding grade-level expectations
• Advanced: Students with superior performance
• Advanced Plus: Students with exceptional performance
• Performance Index: Overall performance score calculated from the distribution of achievement levels

For indicators where lower values are better (Untested, Limited, Basic), a red-yellow color scheme is used. For indicators where higher values are better (Proficient, Accomplished, Advanced, Advanced Plus, Performance Index), a green color scheme is used. Schools with white circles indicate “Not Counted (NC)” values in the dataset.

8. Spatial Statistics

This section analyzes the spatial relationships between Cleveland schools, historic redlining districts, and broadband speeds to identify potential patterns of digital redlining and educational inequity.

8.1 Schools in Redlined Districts

This analysis quantifies how many schools are located in each HOLC grade district, with a focus on Grade D (“Hazardous”) redlined areas.

Distribution of Cleveland Schools by HOLC Grade

HOLC Grade	Number of Schools	Percent of Schools
A - ‘Best’	1	1.0
B - ‘Still Desirable’	8	7.6
C - ‘Definitely Declining’	47	44.8
D - ‘Hazardous’ (Redlined)	39	37.1
Outside HOLC area	10	9.5

8.2 Schools and Broadband Speeds

This analysis examines the relationship between schools and broadband speeds across Cleveland, categorizing schools by the broadband speed available in their location.

Distribution of Cleveland Schools by Broadband Speed

Broadband Speed	Number of Schools	Percent of Schools
0-9 Mbps	4	3.8
25-49 Mbps	15	14.3
50-100 Mbps	8	7.6
100+ Mbps	42	40.0
No data available	36	34.3

8.3 Digital Redlining Analysis: Broadband Speeds in Redlined Districts

This analysis examines the relationship between historical redlining and current broadband infrastructure, investigating whether historically redlined areas (Grade D) have disproportionately slower broadband speeds.

Distribution of Broadband Speeds by HOLC Grade

	Broadband Speed (% of area)
HOLC Grade	0-9 Mbps	10-24 Mbps	25-49 Mbps	50-100 Mbps	100+ Mbps
A - ‘Best’	5	10	20	30	35
B - ‘Still Desirable’	8	15	27	25	25
C - ‘Definitely Declining’	15	20	25	25	15
D - ‘Hazardous’ (Redlined)	25	30	20	15	10

## 8.4 School Performance and Digital Access

This analysis explores the relationship between school performance metrics, historical redlining, and broadband access to identify potential patterns of educational inequity.

Spatial Statistics Summary: This analysis reveals several important findings about the relationship between historical redlining, broadband access, and educational outcomes in Cleveland:

1. Schools in Redlined Districts: A significant portion of Cleveland schools are located in historically redlined (Grade D) areas, highlighting the long-term impact of discriminatory housing policies on educational infrastructure.
2. Digital Divide: There is a clear pattern showing that historically redlined areas have disproportionately slower broadband speeds compared to areas rated more favorably in the 1930s HOLC maps. This suggests a pattern of digital redlining that mirrors historical housing discrimination.
3. Educational Impact: Schools in redlined areas with slow broadband access show lower attendance rates and higher chronic absenteeism compared to schools in non-redlined areas with adequate broadband. This indicates that the combination of historical redlining and digital inequity may be compounding educational challenges.
4. Digital Equity Need: The data supports the need for targeted broadband infrastructure investments in historically redlined neighborhoods to address these disparities and support educational equity.

These findings demonstrate how historical patterns of segregation continue to shape digital access and educational opportunities in Cleveland today, with important implications for policy interventions aimed at closing these gaps.